Genetic Engineering: There is No Genetic Definition of Humanity Essay

With progresses in hereditary qualities and the unscrambling of the human genome, numerous individuals are setting aside the effort to kick back and consider the inquiries of what humankind is and where it comes from.1 Will methods, for example, quality treatment inevitably make individuals who aren't exactly human? In the event that humankind is an adaptable and ever-evolving idea, at that point how individuals know whether they are human? Does some standard proportion of mankind appear to be likely in our future, and is it even morally legitimate to force such a norm? Reasoning offers the most fulfilling meaning of mankind: a human individual is a cognizant person who interfaces with an outside world. The subtleties of the different philosophical discussions on the specific idea of personhood would be sufficient to fill a library, however the fundamental thoughts can be summed up as follows: an individual is mindful, being able to consider thinking. Nothing in this meaning of humankind includes matters of hereditary qualities or quantitative examinations of explicit characteristics, which makes this definition pertinent to individuals who may not be human in the manner science attempts to characterize the term. Characterizing mankind from a logical perspective, be that as it may, is an annoyed undertaking. Many carefully human characteristics can be found in creatures. Wolves have a mind boggling social structure. Bonobos, a subspecies of chimpanzee, can become familiar with a theoretical image language and demonstrate the capacity to get punctuation and syntax.2 In different tests dolphins-who are hereditarily more removed from people than bonobos-took in a sort of gesture based communication indicating that they, as well, can get a handle on complex guidelines of language.3 One just needs to holler at the family canine to see that creatures can communicate feeling and compassion. What, at that point, is left to people? Many point to our trend setting innovation as evidence... ... 1. This paper was initially composed for the course, Human Genetics, Society, and Ethics, held at Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland. 2. Robert A. Nobleman, Psychology fifth ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000). 3. Nobleman. 4. N. A. Campbell, J. B. Reece, and L. G. Mitchell, Biology fifth ed., (New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999). 5. Matt Ridley, Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999) 24. 6. In the same place. 7. Nobleman. 8. Ridley, 24. 9. In the same place. 10. Campbell et al., 446. Book reference Nobleman, Robert. A. Brain science. fifth ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000. Campbell, N. A., J. B. Reece, and L. G. Mitchell. Science. fifth ed. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Ridley, Matt. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.

Romeo and Juliet Inevitability of fate

Destiny and its natural certainty have continually found it’s path into Shakespeare’s work and the work affected by him, a prime case of this is found inside the very preamble of perhaps the biggest part of work; Romeo and Juliet.Within the preface Shakespeare utilizes numerous artistic methods, for example, ideas of portending and emotional incongruity that happen all through the play, some increasingly apparent that others; ‘ The dreadful entry of their passing mark’d love’ this is a conspicuous sign of the reviled or uninevitable destiny that our fundamental heroes will share toward the finish of the play.Shakespeare utilizes sensational incongruity to accentuate the misfortune that these two offer and thusly play to the crowds interest. Regardless of this numerous perusers once in a while understand that the preamble is in actuality written in piece structure; comprising of 14 lines, predictable rhyming and a rhyming couplet at the last line writ ten.The structure may indicate not just the solid love that both Romeo and Juliet share for each other yet additionally maybe the adoration for continually endeavoring to avoid their destiny and follow enthusiasm rather than reason.Romeo and Juliet are continually observed to oppose society’s norms and the guideline set by their home, through this we can see that all affection has a part of destiny. Regardless of whether it be resolved, or inevitable.Correspondingly, a significant number of the sonnets found inside the compilation share both similar implications, structure and jargon that we include discovered inside the preface. A fundamental example of likeness would be found inside Sonnet 116, composed by Shakespeare in 1609.This, as clear in it’s name is organized in work structure similarly as we have found in the introduction, once more it doesn't talk legitimately of affection however rather as a portrayal of what love is and isn't. ‘Love isn't love.Which change when it adjustment finds’ Shakespeare here states that adoration is un bowed or broken and along these lines can't be made or pulverized, in this setting we can propose that affection is accordingly just a way in which one may set upon and this is chosen by just destiny, Shakespeare expresses that you can't cherish who you pick yet rather love picks you.‘It is an at any point fixed mark’ Shakespeare proceeds to depict what love is against what love isn’t and thusly sharing a few likenesses to the preamble, again portraying love as a ‘mark’ because of his tedious undertone of adoration and destiny inside the preface this may infer that this imprint is in certainty destiny itself and consequently he permits Romeo and Juliet’s love to live in the production of his poems; ‘love’s not time’s fool’ recommending love is perpetual in spite of Romeo and Juliet’s quick moving toward death.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 5th, 2019

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Theories of Organizational Behavior - 10512 Words

Revisiting the Classical theories Introduction Organization indexes considerably more than the structures that lifts us out of ‘bare life’. Organization is also intimately, and utterly, connected to thought. While many, and by no means just those in the West, think of themselves as ‘free’ from enslavement by others, and even free from the organization of the state, who can argue that they are also free from the pervasive effects of language, culture and science? These are matters into which we find ourselves ‘thrown’, long before we wake up to their organizing effects. If, indeed, we ever do wake up. For if the intricate relations between language and thought came to be examined late in the 19th century, questions about the†¦show more content†¦After the First World War, the focus of organizational studies shifted to analysis of how human factors and psychology affected organizations, a transformation propelled by the identification of the Hawthorne effect. Prominent early scholars included Chester Barnard, Henri Fayol, Frederick Herzberg and so on. These people together constitute what is generally called the Classical school. One of the first schools of management thought, the classical management theory, developed during the Industrial Revolution when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions. As a result, the classical management theory developed from efforts to find the â€Å"one best way† to perform and manage tasks. It arose because of the need to increase productivity and efficiency. The emphasis was on trying to find the best way to get the most work done by examining how the work process was actually accomplished and by scrutinizing the skills of the workforce. Later on there were many developments in the field, but the role and importance of this school remains almost unparallel and they can be grouped among the most influential of all the theorists because it was these theories that the later day schools and thoughts took as their beginning point. Even today,Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Organizational Behavior1861 Words   |  8 PagesIn organizational behavior, there are many topics researched. Motivation happens to be the most researched (Robbins Judge, 2014, p. 96). According to Robbins and Judge (2014), motivation includes the processes accounting for a person’s intensity, persistence of effort, and direction toward completing a goal (p. 97). The three concepts capturing the essence of motivation include hope, action, and vision. Pinder’s (2008) findings explained the following: Hope is one of many energizing internalRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Behavior6990 Words   |  28 PagesOrganizational Theory and Behavior  © 1993, David S. Walonick, Ph.D. Classical Organization Theory Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory. Frederick Taylor (1917) developed scientific management theory (often called Taylorism) at the beginning of this century. His theory had four basic principles: 1) find the one best way to perform each task, 2) carefullyRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Theory : Trait Theory1373 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory Michael Sinnett MGT500 – Organizational Behavior Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Larry Key September 24, 2017â€Æ' Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory There are so many aspects that make up human behavior. For example, a person s environment and their genetics are a couple of aspects that make up an individual s behavior. Therefore, it would make sense that when you have a group of individuals together there would be just asRead MoreApplying Organizational Behavior Theory? Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesApplying Organizational Behavior Theory Ahmed Salman Argosy University September, 23, 2015 Applying Organizational Behavior Theory Introduction Organizational behavior entails the study of individual and also group performance and their interactions and ability to work in groups. It aims at identifying major problems that affects performance within the teams to work together, in a bid to develop a more efficient business operation (Hiriyappa, 2009). It relies heavily on organizational culturesRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Behavior Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Theory and Behavior Homework #3 October 9, 2007 What advancement barriers did Lisa encounter? Although Lisa Weber was a highly qualified, ambitious analyst for the firm, she never had a chance for advancement because of that glass ceiling. The idea of becoming a partner was always visible, but never attainable because of the various obstacles she had to face. The same obstacles most women face when trying to climb the corporate ladder. Several barriers stood in Lisa’s pathRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Theory Essay3878 Words   |  16 PagesMGT 332 Organizational Behavior Theory Worksheet – Chapter 5 Name_____________________________________________ Banner# ____________________________ Date: ______________   Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Directions: Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.  _____ represent(s) complex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves.   A.  Self-efficacy B.  Skills C.  IntelligenceRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Theory And Behavior1459 Words   |  6 Pages COURSE: ORGANISATIONAL THEORY AND BEHAVIOR COURSE CODE: MGT 4020 INSTRUCTOR: DR. SIKALEI DAMARY GROUP ONE INTERNET EXERCISE: ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT: DESIGN AND CULTURE MEMBERS ID NO GITATA IAN MWANGI 639068 MBEERA KEITH 641323 NDERITU SUSAN NJERI Read MoreOrganizational Behavior- Motivation Theories1023 Words   |  5 Pagesformal groups, the behaviors that one should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals. Informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. (Pages 123-124) 135. Differentiate the terms role identity, role perception, and role expectation. There are certain attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with aRead MoreThe Theory, Organizational Behaviors, And The Interconnectedness Of Employees1221 Words   |  5 Pagesculture and behaviors from an occurred situation. This includes the organization realizing a repeated pattern of behaviors that is not growing or helping the organization in the right direction. When organizations admit to certain truths or facts and acknowledge flawed behaviors, then change can start. Organizations attempt to change by restructuring and reorganizing the company. Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning butRead MoreManagement, Organizational Behavior, And The Systems Theory963 Words   |  4 Pagesbut contemporary approaches to management aim to do just that. The sociotechnical theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, a nd the systems theory all work in different ways to maintain a sort of balance within the businesses internal, competitive and macroenviroments. Keeping all areas of the open system balanced is essential for any manager to have a successful business. The sociotechnical theory was developed in the early 1950’s and was designed to refine the social environment

Analysis Of The Movie Braveheart - 1529 Words

Dylan Echevarria English 106 Darryl Ellison 30 January 2015 Braveheart: Close Reading As George S. Patton commented about war, Battle is the most magnificent competition in which a human being can indulge. It brings out all that is best; it removes all that is base. All men are afraid in battle. The coward is the one who lets his fear overcome his sense of duty. Duty is the essence of manhood. There is an extensive body of films in the War genre, some of which seem to glorify the bravery and drama of battle, while others portray the gruesome and brutal reality of combat. At their best, these films can stir the audience to an emotional response, building the intensity to a fever pitch as the viewer roots for the good guys and comes to†¦show more content†¦The dramatic arrival of the horseman, combined with the huge army of men dressed in ancient military attire, complete with an array of weaponry and thunderous music, create the atmosphere of war. The troop commander asks the just-arrived messenger how many enemy soldiers there are, t o which the messenger reports that they are really many, â€Å"at least three to one. This response immediately introduces the audience to the dire situation in the film. The setting, costumes, and weaponry also depict the historical era, repeatedly showing the extensive, green battlefields, accurate costuming of the spears, flags, shields and helmets of thirteenth century Scotland. In particular, Wallace, with his unique, blue face paint, seems different even from his men. Furthermore, the color of the horses is symbolic. There are horses outfitted in a variety of colors, but the white ones stand out and are used by the troop leaders. This technique brings out distinction, and possibly a sense of authority for the troop commanders. The historically accurate costuming and setting the scene add to the viewer s sense of being transported back in time, stationed at the side of the battlefield. The filmmaker also makes a creative use of sound in developing characters and the theme of t he movie. Clever use of both sound effects and music enhance the viewing experience and add to theShow MoreRelatedBraveheart Movie Analysis1216 Words   |  5 PagesBraveheart Edward the Longshanks, king of England was a dominant figure bent on obtaining allegiance by most any means available. He was an autocratic leader in that he was the central authority. The only power that he was willing to give was to those that he could still control through fear and bribery. Expansion of his power base came by using the greed of others. Given no concern for human needs, he expected his followers to do what they were told and not think for themselves. Input from othersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Braveheart By William Wallace1570 Words   |  7 Pagesthey might think of the Mel Gibson movie, â€Å"Braveheart†. As that is a great movie, it’s not nearly the full story of William Wallace. Therefore, a hunt for the truth of the real the story was underway. William Wallace was born in 1270’s in Scotland, but not much is known about his childhood but that he lived with his father, Sir Malcom Wallace, on a small piece of land in Scotland. (BBC) and (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica) This is dock number one on the movie. Although some may say, â€Å"Shame onRead MoreBraveheart Figurative Language1522 Words   |  7 Pages Wu 1 Raymond Wu Instructor: Ian Patrick Cresswell English 100 – 03 22 March 2016 MLA Braveheart Speech: In-depth Analysis Regarding Figurative Language Braveheart is a historical drama epic film from 1995. The film was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won five. The film is non-fictional and depicts the events of William Wallace, a Scottish hero who led the Scots during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. 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The analysis is a classic depiction of the integration of various themes involving revenge, perseverance, and betrayal in the passing of the message of world civilization that involved securing Scotland from the powerful English armies. The movie’s use of relevant themes, throughRead MoreEssay about How to Read Literature Like a Professor1562 Words   |  7 Pagesgo there, (d) challenges and trials en route, and (e) a real reason to go there. I believe that almost every literary work consists of a quest, but some are more obvious than others. An example of a quest would be from my all time favorite Disney movie, â€Å"Up†. * (a) A quester: Carl Frederickson (b) A place to go: Paradise Falls (c) A stated reason to go there: When Carl and his wife were younger; they both idolized an explorer named Charles Muntz. They were saving up money to go to ParadiseRead MoreModernization of Ntuc Income Case Study14065 Words   |  57 Pages Popsicle days, and the occasional rock concert. At DY4 Systems Inc. in Ottawa, employees sit on plastic chairs that double as curling rocks for their human curling event. At Kryptonite, CEO Gary Furst dresses up as a Scottish warrior in the movie Braveheart, complete with kilt, face-paint, and bagpiper, when he hands out the bonus cheques. Furst and other executives at the Boston-based bicycle lock maker have also dyed their hair green, held game shows, and hired musicians to entertain the troopsRead MoreModernization of Ntuc Income Case Study14054 Words   |  57 Pages Popsicle days, and the occasional rock concert. At DY4 Systems Inc. in Ottawa, employees sit on plastic chairs that double as curling rocks for their human curling event. At Kr yptonite, CEO Gary Furst dresses up as a Scottish warrior in the movie Braveheart, complete with kilt, face-paint, and bagpiper, when he hands out the bonus cheques. Furst and other executives at the Boston-based bicycle lock maker have also dyed their hair green, held game shows, and hired musicians to entertain the troops

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities Free Essays

Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities are important undesirable side effect of our immune system. These problems occur in people who have a specific allergic tendency. Anyone suffering from allergy can take comfort that there are over 50 million fellow American sufferers of this problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Roughly one in 6 American is afflicted with allergic problem. Fortunately, in very few people allergic condition can become life threatening. In most allergy sufferers problems due to allergy appear to be trivial such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, sinus problem, rash and skin complaints but these otherwise minor problems can make the allergy sufferers lives quite miserable. Our immune system, essential for defending our bodies against foreign organisms, produces antibodies and activated white cells to attack invaders like viruses and bacteria. Occasionally, the immune response results in an inappropriate or exaggerated reaction called hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity is classified into four types; Types I, II, III and IV. Types I to Type III hypersensitivities are antibody-mediated while Type IV is a cell mediated hypersensitivity. Type II III are Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediated while Type I sensitivity is Immunoglobulin E mediated. The term ‘Allergy’ is confined to IgE mediated reactions or Type I hypersensitivity [Levinson, 2004] . Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is our body’s host defense system against certain parasites such as worms. In developed countries, where parasitic infection is uncommon, most people have no or very low level of IgE. An allergic reaction or allergy occurs when our body’s immune system mistakenly considers a harmless substance, called ‘allergen’ as dangerous and starts producing IgE to trigger an allergic reaction [Levinson, 2004]. Types of Allergies Allergic Rhinitis: This type of allergy causes swelling of nasal mucosa with respiratory discomforts like sneezing and runny nose by inhaling allergens such as pollen, molds, dust, dander and other allergens. Allergic Conjunctivitis: The allergic reaction affects the eyes, redness and itching are the signs of this allergy. Bronchoconstriction: Wheezing and shortness of breath caused by narrowing of bronchial cavities. Asthma is a serious type of bronchoconstriction. This type of allergy is also caused dust, pollen, mites, and other allergens. Ear Allergies: The allergens affect ear passages causing pain and impairing hearing. Skin Allergies: Itchy rashes, blisters, hives, and contact dermatitis caused by touching certain substances such a poison ivy or food items are manifestation of this type of allergy. In allergies where swelling occurs as a result of hives, swelling can cause breathing and swallowing difficulties. Food Allergies: Certain kind of foods, such as fish egg, nuts and milk can cause intestinal upsets due to allergic reactions. Time Delayed Allergies: An allergic response appearing hours or days after application or absorption of an allergen; including contact dermatitis and bacterial allergy [Allergies, 2006] Anaphylaxis: This is the most severe systemic allergic reaction causing bronchoconstriction, swelling of body tissues, vomiting, cramps, skin reactions and drop in blood pressure, coma and even death [Guyton Hall, 2006]. Allergy can also be classified on the basis of its effect and allergen as: ? Respiratory Allergies ? Skin Allergies ? Food Allergies ? Asthma ? Drug Allergies ? Sting Allergies Causes Risk Factors Problems with normal immune responses are believed to be the result of both genetic and environmental factors. Children of allergic parents are more likely to have similar allergies though the allergens may differ. [Allergies, 2006] Genetic research is leading scientists to believe that skin and tissue specific genes may be responsible for causing allergy symptoms [NIH, 2000]. Stress and anxiety are acknowledged a common cause of allergic reaction. [Lenzoff, 1997] subjected patients suspected of multiple chemical sensitivities concluded that in some sufferers allergy symptoms might be triggered by their perception of an environmental insult. Increasing use of chemicals has resulted in introduction of new toxins into the atmosphere. The increase in number of allergy cases during the last decades is often attributed to atmospheric pollution [Bornehag et al, 2004]. Better identification of problem as allergy and not other minor condition such as cold is perhaps also responsible for increased numbers. Allergy or Cold A number of symptoms of common cold are also the symptoms of allergy. It is not unusual to mistake one for the other. The major difference between the cold and flu are [Allergy, 2006b]: – Both cold and allergy show the common symptoms of allergy but the cold is also accompanied by fever and pain. – Allergy begins immediately after exposure to the allergen while cold takes a day or more to develop to full strength. – Cold is a self terminating diseases and the symptoms disappear in 3 to 7 days while allergies continue till the person remains exposed to the allergen Allergens The body’s immune system has the capability to attack a foreign organism. If it identifies a substance such as pollen as foreign, even mistakenly, the defense mechanism comes into action and IgE is produced to fight off that particular substance. Thus, there will be separate IgE for pollen and for dust allergies. There are many allergens as any person could be allergic to a common substance, which is not an allergen to others, but the common allergens include pollen and fungus from weeds, grasses. Trees and outdoor mold, dog and cat dander, dust particles, noxious vapors and smog, foods such as fish, eggs, nuts and insect bites. Signs Symptoms In addition to the usual sneezing, runny nose, rashes allergy and red or itchy eyes symptoms include atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, headache, earache, hives, coughing, sinusitis, and other discussed above. Medical Tests Diagnosis Methods/Tools The diagnostic tests for Allergy include: †¢ Skin Prick Test (SPT) †¢ Total IgE Test †¢ Range of Specific IgE Test †¢ Phadiatop Assay †¢ Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 Skin Prick Test: Skin prick test is a common and simple method of diagnosing allergy. In this test small amount of suspected allergens are injected either intra-dermally or into the scratching made in the patient’s skin. Patient allergic to any of the allergen shows a visible inflammation after half an hour. Skin Prick Test (SPT) only responds to allergens used in the test. In cases where patient is allergic to any other allergen, this test will not show. Some patients with delayed type hypersensitivity may be adversely affected by the test. Total IgE Test: Patient serum IgE test is another method used for determining Type I hypersensitivity. The test provides useful indication for allergy. This test however is not considered conclusive. The test measures total IgE value and is said to be only to report existence of allergy 60% of the time [Labspec, 2006]. The extent of symptoms and type of allergy has an effect on the result. Severe skin allergy shows a higher IgE value than rhinitis or conjunctivitis. [Labspec, 2006] also point out that Standard IgE values appear to vary with ethnicity of the patient. Range of Specific IgE Test: Some diagnostic suppliers are manufacturing specific IgE test for allergens. Specific tests for over 400 allergens are available. Some of these specific tests have been approved for routine tests, other are awaiting approval. [Labspec, 2006] Phadiatop Assay: Instead of testing total IgE or specific test for a single allergen, this test tests serum for a wide range of inhalant allergens. The test is said to be 95% reliable and can be used to exclude allergens included in Phadiatop assay. Specific IgE Pediatric Food Mix fx5 His test is similar to Phadiatop Assay, but instead of inhalant allergens, ingestant allergens are tested. This test is still in approval stages for general laboratory use. Treatment Options Many people with mild allergies avoid seeking medical help, but it is important to know that allergies if left untreated can develop into serious health problems like infections in sinuses, throat and ears, chronic respiratory problems, skin problems such as eczema. The treatment Options for allergies include: †¢ Avoid allergen environment and/or food †¢ Over the counter medication (histamines) †¢ Prescription drugs nasal drops, †¢ Allergy shots †¢ Allergy Drops †¢ Immunotherapy †¢ Alternate Therapies Once a person knows the substance that causes allergy, the best treatment is to avoid that substance. However avoiding allergen is not always possible as it is not possible to breathe. Food allergens can be easily avoided [When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergy, 2006] . In a very large number of cases of mild allergy over the counter medication is all one needs to relieve the symptoms. It is important to consult a doctor for over the counter medicine too, as some of these medicines if used excessively can cause serious side effects. Most of the histamines cause drowsiness. Antihistamines and decongestants relieve the symptoms of most allergy sufferers. Again, a physician’s advice should be sought. Many new antihistamines relieve the symptoms of allergy without causing drowsiness. In sinus congestion, nasal sprays available on prescription provide quick relief from symptoms of allergy. Allergy shots prevent the allergen from being recognized as a foreign body. This treatment is becoming very popular. Sublingual drops also known as sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) is an alternate to allergy shots and has the same principle of desensitization. Oral application of SLIT is also considered convenient by the patients. Those interested in alternative medicine often recommend several alternate therapies. Dietary supplements are said to increase health of immune system and prevent allergies. The other alternative medicines are beyond the scope of this paper. [Allergies, 2006a] provides several references to alternative treatment websites. Anaphylaxis must be considered a medical emergency and immediate medical help must be sought as it can cause low blood pressure, hyper-constriction, coma and even death. Prevention Methods The best prevention is to avoid the allergen responsible for causing the allergy. Cross the counter medicine approved by a patients physician may also be used before coming into contact with allergens. In view of the number of sufferers, various equipments such as vacuum cleaners, humidifiers, beddings and air purifiers are available in the market to control domestic allergens. A physician may be able to advice about prevention methods about other specific allergies. Bibliography 1. Allergies, (2006a), Alternative Allergy Treatment Options, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://allergies. about. com/od/alternatives/Alternative_Allergy_Treatment_Options. htm 2. Allergies, (2006b), [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. med-help. net/Allergies. html 3. Allergy, (2006), What is Allergy, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. setel. com/~allergy/Products/allergy 4. Bornehag C, Sundell J, Weschler C, Sigsgaard T, Lundgren B, Hasselgren M, Hagerhed-Engman L (2004). â€Å"The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. † Environ Health Perspective 112 (14): 1393-7. 5. Guyton, AC, and Hall, JE, (2006), Textbook of Medical Physiology-11th Edition, Published by Elsevier, Pa. , ISBN 13-81-8147-920-3 6. LabSpec, Allergy Diagnostic Tests, (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www. labspec. co. za/diag. htm 7. Levinson, W. , (2004), Medical Microbiology Immunology, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-143199-3 8. Leznoff. A. , (1999), Provocative challenges in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity, J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997 Apr; 99 (4):438-42 9. NIH- National Institute of Health/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), (2000), International Team Accelerates Investigation of Immune-Related Genes, [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://www3. niaid. nih. gov/news/newsreleases/2000/ihwg. htm 10. When Should I Get Medical Treatment for Allergies? , (2006) [Online], retrieved from Internet on 10 January 2007, http://health. howstuffworks. com/allergy-treatments-ga1. htm How to cite Allergies and other type of immune hypersensitivities, Papers

Promote Profitability and Attract Customers

Question: Discuss about the Promote Profitability and Attract Customers. Answer: Introduction A good menu is one where the most popular dishes are the ones that give the most benefits to the restaurant. For this, restaurateurs place the most profitable dishes in prominent places, under labels like suggestions or specialties. In addition, they play with prices. The dishes that want to be asked for more are placed next to the more expensive dishes of the menu, so that, by comparison, they seem more economical (Ancona, 2002). In menu psychology, the personality of a specific restaurant focuses on the absolute goals of the company to promote profitability and to attract more customers. To achieve the goals, a menu design must be attractive to catch the eye of the customer. A menu is not necessarily about the price and the dishes; it must psychologically engage a customer for him or her to buy the dish. There are different psychologies in the menu; the first one is design psychology. It is the golden triangle. For many people, they eyes on the menu starts at the middle section, it then goes to the upper right corner of the menu and finally to the left upper corner of the menu (Hailey, 2014). These are the areas in which the hotelier should place the dishes with the highest profit margins. They are not the most expensive but the most profitable. It really pays handsomely when you the golden triangle is fully effected in design psychology. The second type of psychology is the color psychology. The use of color attracts the customers to appropriate sections of the menu. Color green is seen as the greens and vegetables section picked from the garden. Orange on the other hand is fun, light and healthy foods. It stimulates appetites. Yellow makes people happy and captures the attention of the customer same as red thus makes people to spend more money in the restaurant (Avermaete and Massey, 2013). Superlatives are too fantastic to believe. Although it may seem a lie, there are hundreds of studies that have studied carefully how customers read a menu, which dishes have to be placed sooner or later .What is the proper source and what is the optimal number of meals that should be offered to the diner to spend as much as possible. Evaluation of the Menu A good menu should have variety of food or dishes that are enticing When fixing the price of the dishes of a restaurant, the innkeepers take into account two variables: how mu ch the raw material costs and what elaboration entails each dish. Based on this, it is established a price range, which is usually huge, and varies according to how greedy each entrepreneur is. No matter how much the restorer squeezes his head to put an appropriate price for each meal, and honored as it is, there will be dishes that will be much more profitable than others: those in which the relationship between the price of matter and the time is more balanced. These are the dishes that will be promoted as much as possible. Choosing which dish to take in a restaurant is, on occasion, a daunting task. Luckily, gigantic letters are becoming less common. For some time now the hoteliers have understood that overwhelming the diner with an infinite number of dishes is not synonymous with luxury and opulence, in that sense, is getting worse and worse (Hailey, 2014). In fast-food restaurants, customers have only six choices per category (starters, chicken, fish, vegetables, pasta, meat, hamburgers and sandwiches and desserts), while in conventional restaurants seven entrees, seven desserts and ten dishes are enough Main. No more no less For a long time, the restaurateurs have designed their menus following very specific patterns, which seem to be changing. A study from San Francisco State University found that diners read letters from left to right and from top to bottom, as if they were books. For decades restaurateurs thought that the most attractive space on a menu, like a magazine or newspaper, was the one on the top right corner, but according to recent study, , Diners read up and down the entire menu (as shown in the diagram), carefully, and there is no place more appealing than another (Kifer et al., 2002). In some peoples view, you can not confuse the menu of a restaurant with an advertising brochure, because in a restaurant you have an audience that is motivated to read the information you offer. According to their study, there is no more attractive plac e in the menu, but less attractive places: the areas with restaurant information and the list of salads, which interest less people. Another trick that restaurants are beginning to adopt is to place prices in such a way that they are not aligned with each other and make it more difficult to compare the cost of different dishes. In addition, as far as possible, decimals are tended to be eliminated, since a number of only one or two figures seems more affordable. What name to give to the dishes The food has its own language and choose an attractive name for a dish is decisive. At the present time they are not well seen the bombastic names, that have finished saturating, but the names "surprising" continue working (Hall and Schulz, 2011). Why do not Italian restaurants translate the names of the dishes and the ingredients? Because people who know the Italian gastronomy, with a greater percentage, feel very important explaining to the rest of the diners what is one or the other thing, and who is not familiar will have to ask the waiter that, if it is good. The economic factor- the amount and kind of food consumed in a restaurant depends on the income of a person. Expensive restaurants have menu designed to fit their bill. Season- with changes in seasons, the availability of foods and tastes also changes. Meals are mostly prepared according to seasons. Summer foods are different from winter foods and seasonal foods are nutritious. Family composition- there is sedentary workers like lawyers, accountant and teachers. There are also moderate workers and heavy load workers. They eat different kinds of foods so are the different sexes. Lifestyle and food acceptance- not all people eat the same kind of food. People have different preference and their lifestyles affect the composition. Availability of energy, time and labor saving devices. Food availability Summary of the Findings Menus generally should be catchy and bright to attract the customer. When fixing the price of the dishes of a restaurant, the innkeepers take into account two variables: how much the raw material costs and what elaboration entails each dish. A menu in a restaurant will always need improvement depending on changes in variables like prices and the type of foods. Menu psychology, color and design should be perfectly done to boost sales and profits in the restaurant. Recommendations When preparing a menu design, the success or failure of it will depend on its design and ability to attract the customers eye. It is recommended that resultant menu design should be done to maximize the profitability of a restaurant. The various foods that are prepared in the restaurant should also be a determinant in the design of the menu. Menus generally should be catchy and bright to attract the customer. The design should also be prepared to make the foods that are easily eaten to be available. It should be clearly marked and prices visible (Hall and Schulz, 2011). Conclusion Menus are important. In fact, without a menu it is highly unlikely that anything will be sellable. There are different psychologies in the menu; the first one is design psychology. It is the golden triangle. For many people, they eyes on the menu starts at the middle section, it then goes to the upper right corner of the menu and finally to the left upper corner of the menu (The menu, n.d.). A menu should be reflective and show the areas in which a customer will be more attracted to. A menu is not necessarily about the price and the dishes; it must psychologically engage a customer for him or her to buy the dish. References 2003 Los Angeles, So. California restaurants. (2002). New York: Zagat Survey. Ancona, G. (2002). The foods. New York: Benchmark Books. Avermaete, T. and Massey, A. (2013). Hotel lobbies and lounges. London: Routledge. Hailey, A. (2014). Hotel. Open Road Media. Hall, K. and Schulz, C. (2011). Hospitality. New York: Ferguson Pub. Jayaraman, S. (2013). Behind the kitchen door. Ithaca: ILR Press. Jha, S. (2010). Hotel marketing. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Kifer, K., Schneider, J., Solar, D. and Barnard, C. (2002). Foods. Eugene, OR: Garlic Press. Tassiopoulos, D. (2011). New tourism ventures. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta. The menu. (n.d.). 1st ed.